Equity Research – Arsenal Holdings PLC (NEUTRAL)
| Report Date | 5th May 2016 |
| Analyst | Ravi Lockyer MSc Llb |
First published on the Mirror Sport, (link here) Ravi Lockyer has unearthed the club’s finance and burdens, to compile a report that provides insight in to the company’s financial capability as well as a consensus to the stock’s buying attractiveness. To get this as a full PDF report, click here.
*Arsenal Holdings (ISDX:AFC) reported weak interim results, with a net loss of £3.4m. Partly this was attributable to negligible profits from player sales £0.3m v £26.7m (H1 2015).
The board gave a cautious outlook mentioning the uplift in revenues from the Premier League broadcasting but higher costs in the form of inflationary wage pressures and transfer prices.
*Due to the structural issues identified below, our view is Arsenal is not investable for the general public, the fact its ISDX quotation has survived is anomalous.
*Revenue growth to end May 2016 is seen as muted given no change in gate/ match day income and the drop off in property development/ player trading. Our forecast is for revenue growth of 2% in FY2016 to £351.5m.
*The heavy investment in players has already hit cash levels quite hard. We expect a £44.4m spend on player registrations over FY16. In our forecast for FY16 we anticipate a net profit of £3m.
*Arsenal has significant levels of cash but net levels are far lower limiting the club’s spending – we estimate Arsenal has around £54m of cash that could be deployed on new players (assuming the board tap the £50m overdraft facility).
Stock rating: Neutral
| Target Price | N/A | Market Cap | £977.7m |
| Share Price (Mid) | £15,715 | Avg. Daily Vol. | 2 Shares |
| Yr Hi/ Low | £16k/£15k | Dividend Yield | 0% |
| Shares O/s | 62,217 | Fiscal Year: | 31st May 2016 |
Website: www.arsenal.com
Key Risks
i) Very low free-float, ongoing corporate governance issues, weak cash generation
ii) Sensitive to inflationary trends in player costs and prices
iii) Asset risks; departure of key personnel and management
Arsenal Holdings is a UK Based football club. The club has won the most FA Cups of any English club since it was founded in 1886.
Structural issues…
“Spend more money on players” is an often heard criticism of Arsène Wenger and of the Arsenal board of directors who include Sir Chips Keswick and majority shareholder Stan Kroenke. Fans tend to have a short-term focus, understandably.
Since Mr Wenger was appointed in 1996, Arsenal has been transformed from reliance on gate receipts to diverse income streams. Arsenal has rapidly grown broadcasting, commercial and retail revenues. Widely credited for cultivating talent internally rather than throwing money at the transfer market, Wenger has demonstrated a financial acumen lacking in the premier league.
Numerous club rescues have amply demonstrated the pitfalls of the sector’s profligacy. Since Mr Wenger’s appointment, the Arsenal share price has jumped a staggering 40 fold from £400 to £16000 per share. This is a highly commendable achievement.
Fan criticism tends to ignore the significant “structural issues” at Arsenal notably that it is essentially a controlled subsidiary. Stan Kroenke’s KSE UK Limited holds 66.8% of Arsenals 62,217 shares while Alisher Usmanov holds 30.05% – the listed shares are a tiny minority interest. Relations between shareholders are reported to be limited.
Mr Usmanov has left the board and KSE UK to their own devices. Shareholders are treated differently; KSE receives a £3m annual payment but shareholders receive zero dividends. Player spending decisions are in the hands of the board which include KSE representatives.
By remaining on the ISDX (ICAP Securities & Derivatives Exchange) Arsenal is subject to relaxed corporate governance standards. Kroenke is under no pressure to take full 100% control nor split Arsenal shares. He is required under takeover rules to buy out other holders if his stake hit 75%.
This does not appear to be Kroenke’s short term plan however especially as Mr Usmanov seems happy with the status quo. The quote as such is extremely illiquid and given the current ownership structure unlikely to change.
Arsenal working capital realities
The Arsenal balance sheet at the interims (2nd March 2016) suggests grounds for reticence on player spending. Broadly:-
A) Working capital pressures; Arsenal’s cash (£159.4m) + receivables (£52.5m) = £211.9m; short-term payables (payments < 12 months) = £206m. We have ignored £4m inventories and £11m development property in this determination due to realisation issues.
Of Arsenal’s £159.3m total cash, this is comprised of cash (£75.3m) and cash equivalents (£84m) i.e. in short-term reserve accounts. Due to Arsenal’s cash collection being second half based (season ticket renewals in May/ April / higher player days, Champions payments) the cash levels should rise sharply by the 31 May 2016 year end. The Champions League fee of £20m was more uncertain this year than in previous years.
Cash flow from operations:- £85.1m (the business operations)
Cash flow from investing activities: -£73.4m (player/ property spending)
Cash flow from financing;- -£11.8m(mortgage/bond repayments)
Net change in cash:- -£0.1m
Opening cash: (31 May 2015) £228.1m
+/- Net change in cash -£0.1m
Total cash y/e (31 May 2016) £228m
– Mortgage/ Bond collateral requirement £ 32m
– Short term payables (net of receivables) £191.9m
+ Overdraft facility £50m
= Cash availability for players £54.1m
Working capital levels suggest £54m is available for player investment, possibly spread over two years.
B) “Player churn” i.e., sale & purchase activities was a massive cash drain on Arsenal during H1.
Gross cash flows – player registrations (Source: Arsenal Interims 2016)
Net proceeds from sales; £7.8m
Net payments for purchases: £47.2m
Hence Net cash outflow: £39.4m
Since the interims, the club has signed Mohd Elneny (c £5m) and before 31 May 2016, we expect three player contracts (3x £80k per week) to roll off contract. This reduces player expenses but does not increase player proceeds. Hence, the 2016 year should show a net cash outflow approximating £44.4m.
We note speculation of further short-term large ticket player purchases (Granit Xhaka – £35m). However, the transfer window will open on 1st July i.e., post-Arsenal’s FY2016 year end.
C) Player wage inflation; Our forecast assumes £194m for FY 2016 given the board’s warning at the interims, an FY15 expense of £192.2m). Maybe this is a relatively generous estimate. It is possible player wage inflation will see expenses rise to nearer £200m though we would not expect more than a 5% adverse movement (i.e. £203.7m).
D) Is Arsenal going to generate cash? We expect closing cash of £228m. We do not think Arsenal can generate significant cash without player trading profits.
E) Arsenal long term asset/debt position? This is comfortable albeit with high average financing costs (5.9%). Arsenal has high 71% proportion of expensive fixed coupon/ fixed term debt it can do very little about unless it draws down its £50m credit facility (this is unlikely) to fund a tender offer for the expensive high coupon bond.
The fixed rate debt term at 13.5 years provides considerable flexibility for Arsenal. The problem with the capital structure is the mortgage terms cannot be flexed to the current very low rate environment.
Income Statement Forecast for FY2016
Based on the board’s commitment to leave ticket/ gate prices alone, we have generated a forecast sales revenue and income statement for FY16 (ending 31 May 2016):-
| Sales Revenues | 2014 | 2015 | 2016F |
| Gate & Match Days | 100,229.00 | 100,401.00 | 102,000.00 |
| Broadcasting | 120,762.00 | 124,844.00 | 131,086.20 |
| Retail & Licensing | 17,938.00 | 24,685.00 | 28,387.75 |
| Commercial | 59,216.00 | 78,602.00 | 86,462.20 |
| Property Development | 3,214.00 | 15,187.00 | 2,130.00 |
| Player Trading | 513.00 | 805.00 | 1,452.00 |
| Total | 301,872.00 | 344,524.00 | 351,518.15 |
| Income Statement | 2014 | 2015 | 2016F | COMMENT | |||||
| Sales Revenue | 301.87 | 344.52 | 351.52 | 2% revenue growth | |||||
| Goodwill Amortisation | 0.43 | 0.42 | 0.42 | ||||||
| Player Registration Amortisation | 40.07 | 54.43 | 52 | ||||||
| Impairment of Player Registrations | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0 | ||||||
| Depreciation | 12.42 | 14.62 | 17 | ||||||
| Total Depreciation | 52.92 | 70.40 | 69.42 | ||||||
| Staff Costs | 166.40 | 192.20 | 194 | 1% expense inflation | |||||
| Cost of Property Sales | 2.70 | 2.04 | 0 | ||||||
| Other operating charges | 69.79 | 72.11 | 72.11 | ||||||
| Operating expenses | 291.81 | 336.75 | 335.53 | ||||||
| Operating profit | 10.07 | 7.78 | 15.99 | ||||||
| Operating return on sales (%) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 4.5% | ||||||
| Share of profits from JV | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.76 | ||||||
| Profit from Player Registrations | 6.90 | 28.94 | 0.3 | Key assumption | |||||
| Financial result | 7.61 | 29.70 | 1.06 | ||||||
| Net finance charges | 13.01 | 12.75 | 13 | ||||||
| Profit before tax | 4.67 | 24.73 | 4.05 | Lower net profits | |||||
| Less: Income Tax | 2.60 | -4.67 | -1.01 | ||||||
| Profit after tax | 7.27 | 20.06 | 3.04 | ||||||
| EPS | 116.82 | 322.48 | 48.86 | ||||||
| DPS | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Source; CSS Investments Ltd.
Balance Sheet forecasts & assumptions
*We envisage only a small change in cash balances over 2016FY
*Since the move to the Emirates Stadium in 2006 and the redevelopment of Highbury Arsenal has mostly completed its period of significant property related activity.
*We do not expect any new equity issuance over FY16 due to the ownership structure remaining unchanged.
*A dividend is unlikely in 2016 due to the ownership structure remaining unchanged.
*Arsenal has reduced debt levels from over £400m in 2008 to far more manageable levels and this process continues in 2016.
*Arsenal has a high-interest expense due to its capital structure containing a high proportion of high fixed coupon debt (c£13m pa).
Forecast for FY2016 (cont)
| Balance Sheet | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
| Non-Current Assets | 541.51 | 596.092 | 587.1 |
| Intangibles | 114.98 | 171.66 | 160.5 |
| Tangible Fixed Assets | 421.4 | 419.18 | 421.5 |
| Goodwill | 1.5 | 1.082 | 0.6 |
| FS Receivables | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Investments | 3.63 | 4.17 | 4.5 |
| Current Assets | 293.15 | 323.27 | 325.42 |
| Inventories – Retail | 4.93 | 4.53 | 4.2 |
| Inventories – Development | 9.85 | 9.74 | 12.5 |
| Short Term Receivables | 65.64 | 74.175 | 75 |
| Receivables post-1year | 4.861 | 6.66 | 5.66 |
| Cash, cash equivalents | 207.87 | 228.16 | 228.06 |
| Total Assets | 834.66 | 919.36 | 912.52 |
| Equity | 310.62 | 330.68 | 333.72 |
| Share Capital | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Share Premium | 30.00 | 30.00 | 30.00 |
| Merger Reserve | 26.70 | 26.70 | 26.70 |
| Profit & Loss Account | 253.86 | 273.92 | 276.96 |
| Non Current Liabilities | 320.96 | 314.93 | 311.90 |
| Fixed Rate Bonds | 153.35 | 146.09 | 139 |
| Floating Rate Bonds | 52.57 | 52.42 | 47.902 |
| Debenture | 27.83 | 82.2 | 28 |
| Other Creditors | 15.866 | 32.92 | 47 |
| Grants | 3.795 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| Deferred Income | 13.06 | 1 | 2.5 |
| Provision for Liability | 54.49 | 50.6 | 43.9 |
| Current Liabilities | 203.03 | 273.72 | 266.90 |
| Foreign Exchange Derivative | 0 | 0 | 0.4 |
| Fixed Bonds | 6.7 | 7.12 | 7.5 |
| Trade Creditors | 11.4 | 7.6 | 8 |
| Corporation Tax | 1.155 | 5.05 | 1 |
| Tax & NI | 20.233 | 19.88 | 20 |
| Other Creditors | 30.977 | 60.8 | 60 |
| Accruals & Deferred Income | 132.56 | 173.266 | 170 |
| Total Equity and Liabilities | 834.66 | 919.36 | 912.52 |
Source; CSS Investments Ltd.
Conclusion
Arsenal recent interims suggest the need for careful management. The deflationary environment dents future income growth from gate receipts/ retail income (we expect 2% revenue growth) while on the cost side player expenses/ payroll is 1% growth (hence only 1% “jaws”). Looking ahead we see limited reason for much change in revenues and the potential for higher costs.
Ever present player spending pressures and fan demands for more innovation on the pitch are clearly an issue for the board. In some respects, this is to be expected. However we see limited actual cash available for this purpose, according to our calculations approximately £54m could be deployed for players.
Low and declining profitability due to Arsenal’s weaker operating performance (due to a reliance on hit and miss player trading) leaves the problem of how to justify Arsenal’s valuation of 3x net assets and 49x historical P/E based on FY2015.
It is not obvious how Arsenal’s profits can recover in the absence of player trading profits. This is by nature unpredictable and hard to forecast. Arguably the player transfer market is worse than a zero-sum game for Arsenal, which as a larger club would be paying a premium to small clubs.
Arsenal is taking significant balance sheet risks given the exposure to player assets (around 46% of net assets). Put it this way, some of Arsenal’s intangible assets might not always be marketable in the event of a reversal in player valuations.
Clearly part of the valuation conundrum is based on Arsène Wenger’s track record. The shares have jumped 40 fold under his tenure. In a sector full of last minute rescues, corporate failures, mountain bike levels of gearing, this is a laudable feat.
Can this continue? In our view, the ownership structure is the main determinant of the valuation and there will come a time when KSE make a full acquisition. But this is not expected in the short term.
Notwithstanding the track record of returns over the 1996-2016 period we are not recommending Arsenal as a share investment because of its low marketability and valuation issues. We are neutral on Arsenal.
Note from Ravi: “I would like to add, I am not a football fan myself, and have not looked at the football sector in depth before. This article is not written with any ill feeling towards Arsenal shareholders or supporters. From a football perspective, I wish them the best and may the best team win.”
Arsenal share price chart 2008-2016 – Please click the image to enlarge.
